The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra †History Essay

The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra – History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra History Essay Cleopatra became pharaoh in the springtime of 51 B.C. when her father, Ptolemy Auletes, died. He left the throne to his eighteen-year-old daughter, Cleopatra, and to her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII, who was only twelve at the time. Cleopatra took greater power over her brother. She was forced to have a consort throughout her reign. Her consort could either be a brother or a son, no matter what their ages were. Cleopatra married her brother, Ptolemy XIII. She dropped his name from all official documents despite the insistence the Ptolemaic had that the male presence be first among co-rulers. Cleopatra put her name and face on the coins of that time period, ignoring her brother. A group of men led by Theodotus, the eunuch Pothinus, and a half-Greek general, named Achillas, overthrew Cleopatra in favor of her brother. They believed he could be influenced easier, so they became his council of regency. In the early days of the Ptolemy the control region of the Egyptians expanded greatly. This included the island of Cyprus, Cyrenioca, which had already controlled modern day Libya, Syria, and Phoenicia. They also controlled some major cities in Asia Minor and Greece. After Ptolemy XIII, her brother and husband, died by drowning in the Nile, Caesar restored her power so Cleopatra became the sole ruler of Egypt. Caesar must have been driven by more than simple infatuation for Cleopatra, to have gone through the troubles of restoring her power. To please Alexandrians and she had to marry her younger brother Ptolemy XIV, who was only eleven years old at this time. She became pregnant quickly after the marriage. This was very appealing to Ptolemy XIV to have a son to carry on his rule after his death. After this Caesar and Cleopatra took a two-month trip up the Nile. In July 46 B.C., Caesar returned to Rome. Upon returning he was given many awards for his ten-year ruling, and then he brought over Cleopatra. Cleopatra coming to Rome, especially the conservative republican when Cleopatra was established in Caesars home offended many. Cleopatra considered herself to be the new Isis, the goddess of motherhood and fertility. The life she lived was very luxurious and she had a golden statue of herself put by Caesar in the temple of Venus Genetrix. Openly, Caesar recognized Caesarion, Cleopatra’s son, as his own. Besides the laws against marrying foreigners and laws of bigamy Cleopatra and Caesar planned to get married. Then in March of 44 B.C., his senators assassinated Caesar outside the Roman Senate Building. Cleopatra fled Rome with her child and returned to home in Alexandria, because she feared for the life of her child and herself. When she returned to Alexandria she had husband and consort, Ptolemy XIV, assassinated so that Caesarion could become her co-regent at the age o four. During her absence she found that the Nile Canals had been neglected and that caused harvests to be low, plagues, and famine to occur. This continued for about two years. Research Papers on The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra - History EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Honest Iagos Truth through DeceptionBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

IEP Goals for Progress Monitoring

IEP Goals for Progress Monitoring IEP Goals are the cornerstone of the IEP, and the IEP is the foundation of a childs special education program. The 2008 reauthorization of the IDEA has a strong emphasis on data collection-the part of IEP reporting also known as Progress Monitoring. Since IEP goals no longer need to be split into measurable objectives, the goal itself should: Clearly describe the condition under which the data is collectedDescribe what behavior you want the child to learn/increase/master.Be measurableDefine what level of performance is expected of the child for success.Delineate the frequency of data collection Regular data collection will be part of your weekly routine. Writing goals that clearly define what it is that the child will learn/do and how you will measure it will be essential. Describe the Condition Under Which the Data Is Collected Where do you want the behavior/skill to be exhibited? In most cases, that will be in the classroom. It can also be face to face with staff. Some skills need to be measured in more naturalistic settings, such as when in the community, or when at the grocery store especially if the purpose is for the skill to be generalized to the community, and community-based instruction is part of the program. Describe What Behavior You Want the Child to Learn The kinds of goals you write for a child will depend on the level and kind of the childs disability. Children with serious behavior problems, children on the Autistic Spectrum, or children with severe cognitive difficulty will need goals to address some of the social or life skills that should appear as needs on the childs evaluation report ER. Be Measurable. Be sure you define the behavior or academic skill in a way that is measurable.Example of a poorly written definition: John will improve his reading skills.Example of a well-written definition: When reading a 100-word passage at Fountas Pinnell Level H, John will increase his reading accuracy to 90%. Define What Level of Performance is Expected of the Child   If your goal is measurable, defining the level of performance should be easy and go hand in hand. If you are measuring reading accuracy, your level of performance will be the percentage of words read correctly. If you are measuring a replacement behavior, you need to define the frequency of the replacement behavior for success. Example: When transitioning between the classroom and lunch or specials, Mark will stand quietly in line 80% of weekly transitions, 3 of 4 consecutive weekly trials. Delineate the Frequency of Data Collection It is important to collect data for each goal on a regular, minimally weekly basis. Be sure that you dont over-commit. Thats why I dont write 3 of 4 weekly trials. I write 3 of 4 consecutive trials because some weeks you may not be able to collect data - if the flu goes through the class, or you have a field trip that takes a lot of time in preparation, away from instructional time. Examples Math SkillWhen given a worksheet with 10 addition problems with sums from 5 to 20, Jonathan will correctly answer 80 percent or 8 of 10 in three out of four consecutive trials (probes.)Literacy SkillWhen given a 100 plus word passage at reading level H (Fountas and Pinnell) Luanne will read with 92% accuracy in 3 of 4 consecutive trials.Life SkillsWhen given a mop, a bucket, and a ten-step task analysis, Robert will mop the hall floor independently (see Prompting) 3 out of 4 consecutive trials.